Alkane and Cycloalkane

Alkane

Hydrocarbons having no double or triple bond functional groups are classified as alkanes or cycloalkanes , depending on whether the carbon atoms of the molecule are arranged only in chains or also in rings.  Although these hydrocarbons have no functional groups, they constitute the framework on which functional groups are located in other classes of compounds, and provide an ideal starting point for studying and naming organic compounds.  The alkanes and cycloalkanes are also members of a larger class of compounds referred to as aliphatic .  Simply put, aliphatic compounds are compounds that do not incorporate any aromatic rings in their molecular structure.

The following table lists the IUPAC names assigned to simple continuous-chain alkanes from C-1 to C-10. A common "ane" suffix identifies these compounds as alkanes. Longer chain alkanes are well known, and their names may be found in many reference and text books.  The names methane through decane should be memorized, since they constitute the root of many IUPAC names. Fortunately, common numerical prefixes are used in naming chains of five or more carbon atoms.

Chemical reactivity of alkanes
Alkanes contain a strong single bond C-C and C-H bonds are also strong. C-H bond has a very low polarity so there is no molecule that carries the number of positive or negative ions to attract significant other molecules.
Therefore, alkanes have a fairly limited reaction.

Some things that can do on alkanes:
alkanes can be burned, which destroyed the entire molecule;
alkanes can be reacted with several halogen ie C-H bond break;
alkanes can be broken down, ie with a C-C bond break.

Cycloalkane

Saturated hydrocarbons occur in three forms: straight-chain forms ( alkanes ), branched chain forms ( alkanes ), and cyclic forms ( cycloalkanes ). The cycloalkanes contain only single bonds, and have the general formula C _n H _2n. Some alkanes have a continued chain ends. its called cycloalkanes, and the establishment of structures called ring. Placement of carbon in cycloalkane ring lock the carbon, so that its freedom to rotate is very limited.

Carbon bond in the smaller ring is more easily broken than in the larger ring. In the cyclopropane ring and cyclobutane, bond angle of C-C-C in a row are 60^o and 90^o. The second ring is very terikan (tense), compared with the pressure from the normal tetrahedral bond angle, namely 109^o. Consequently, the cyclopropane ring and cyclobutane very unstable compared cyclopentane or cyclohexane ring.

Chemical reaktivity of cycloalkane

Cyclialkane have very similar reactivity with alkanes, except for cycloalkane that very small - particularly cyclopropane. Cyclopropane is much more reactive. That because bond angles in the ring. Cyclopropane angle is 60°. electron pairs close together, so there repel between pairs of electrons that connects carbon atoms. This makes the bonds more easily broken.